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Main types of steel
Release time:
2025-03-31
Steel types are classified according to chemical composition, mechanical properties, uses, standards and other aspects.
Steel types are classified according to chemical composition, mechanical properties, uses, standards and other aspects. The following are some common steel types and their classifications:
1. Classification by use
Construction steel (such as: rebar, steel, etc.)
Q235: Common ordinary carbon structural steel, used in construction, bridges, machinery manufacturing, etc.
Q345: Low alloy high-strength structural steel, widely used in construction, bridges, metallurgy, machinery and other industries.
HRB400: Rebar used for reinforced concrete structures, widely used in construction.
Mechanical manufacturing steel
45 steel (45#): High-quality carbon structural steel, commonly used in the manufacture of mechanical parts with medium strength requirements such as gears and shafts.
40Cr: Alloy structural steel, with good toughness and machinability, widely used in the manufacture of high-strength mechanical parts.
35CrMo: High-strength alloy steel, commonly used in the manufacture of shafts, gears and other parts that bear large loads.
Tool steel
T10: Used to manufacture high-speed tools, with high hardness and wear resistance.
D2: Commonly used cold-working tool steel, with good wear resistance and hardness, widely used in the manufacture of molds, knives, etc.
Stainless steel
304: One of the most commonly used stainless steels, with good corrosion resistance, heat resistance and processability, widely used in tableware, chemical equipment, etc.
316: Austenitic stainless steel containing molybdenum, with stronger corrosion resistance, especially suitable for marine environment and chemical industry.
201: Low nickel stainless steel, relatively low price, suitable for environments where corrosion resistance is not very high.
2. Classification by chemical composition
Carbon steel
Q235: It belongs to low carbon steel, with a carbon content of about 0.12%-0.20%, widely used in general structures and engineering manufacturing.
Q345: Low alloy high strength steel, suitable for large and medium-sized structures such as buildings and bridges.
Alloy steel
42CrMo: Alloy steel containing chromium and molybdenum, with high strength and wear resistance, often used to manufacture high-load parts such as automobiles and machinery.
20CrMo: Alloy steel containing chromium and molybdenum, widely used in making gears, shafts and high-strength mechanical parts.
Stainless steel
304: Contains 18% chromium and 8% nickel, with good corrosion resistance.
316: Molybdenum is added to 304, with stronger corrosion resistance, especially suitable for marine environment.
3. Classification by steel strength
Ordinary structural steel (such as Q235)
This steel is usually used in daily structures, such as buildings, bridges, etc., and is suitable for bearing general loads.
High-strength low-alloy steel (such as Q345)
This steel has stronger tensile strength in the structure and is suitable for occasions that need to bear larger loads, such as large machinery and heavy structures.
Weathering steel (such as Corten steel)
A protective layer will naturally form on the surface of this steel, which can resist corrosion from the atmosphere, seawater, etc., and is suitable for projects in harsh environments, such as ports, bridges, etc.
4. Classification by standard
GB/T 700 (Chinese national standard)
Q235, Q345 and other models belong to this standard and are widely used in construction, bridges and other fields.
ASTM A36 (American standard)
This steel is a commonly used construction steel in the United States and is widely used in construction, welding structures, etc.
EN 10025 (European standard)
Applicable to structural steel, such as S235, S275, S355 and other models, widely used in construction and engineering in the European market.
5. Special steel models
Electrical steel (such as silicon steel)
Electrical steel is a special steel containing silicon elements, with good magnetic properties, widely used in the manufacture of core components of electrical equipment such as motors and transformers.
Tool steel
Cr12MoV: widely used in the manufacture of cold working dies, with good wear resistance and toughness.
W18Cr4V: has high hardness and wear resistance, suitable for the manufacture of high-speed cutting tools.
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